The Great Wall is mainly composed of three parts: pass, city wall and beacon towers. Pass: Function: It is an important garrison position along the Great Wall. It is used to guard the choke points leading to and from the Great Wall. Structure: It is generally composed of square or polygonal city walls, city gates, gate towers, and barns at the pass. Some also have Luocheng and moat to enhance defense capabilities. City wall: Function: It is the link connecting Xiongguan, pass, enemy platform, etc., and is the main body of defense against the enemy.
Gate Tower: The gate tower is used to observe enemy situations outside the gate and command operations in wartime. Generally, it adopts the form of a large roof building with two floors or as many as three floors. 1 Wall platform: The platform is not much different from the top of the city wall, except for the sudden battle platform: In a dangerous place along the Great Wall, there is a building taller than the enemy building. It is guarded by more soldiers and stores more food and fodder. Weapons, it is the last stronghold of the pass along the Great Wall.
The structure of the Great Wall is mainly composed of the following three parts: Pass: Like the Great Wall, an important joint on the dragon, they are mostly located on the throat roads leading to and from the Great Wall, as important garrison bases. There are not only square city walls, solid gates and gate towers in the pass, but also barnacles to enhance defense.

The Great Wall is mainly composed of three parts: pass, city wall and beacon towers. The pass is a key garrison position along the Great Wall. Its location is extremely particular, and it is mostly located on the choke points leading to and from the Great Wall. The structure of the pass is quite complex, usually consisting of square or polygonal walls at the pass, solid gates, towering gate towers, and barns with defensive functions. Some passes are also equipped with Luocheng and moat, further enhancing their defense capabilities.

The structural characteristics of the Great Wall are determined according to local climatic conditions. There are various forms such as rammed earth walls, adobe walls, blue brick walls, stone walls, and mixed masonry. Construction method: The construction method of the Great Wall is adapted to local conditions and utilizes the local natural terrain and materials, such as using blue bricks to cover in plains and hilly areas, using clay to cover in arid and semi-arid areas, and using strips of stone to cover in alpine areas.

"Hou" means waiting, also known as "scouts", is a kind of building used for keeping watch. It has a simple structure and is often used in conjunction with pavilions (beacon towers). It is often called "Ting Hou". The "fortress" city in the Ming Dynasty was similar to the "city barrier" in the Han Dynasty. It was also used for garrison. The "fortress" was often surrounded by a city wall and was also called a castle. Some fortresses also have beacon towers and residents.



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